27 research outputs found

    Wissensbasierte Prozesskonfiguration im Bauwesen

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    Das Ziel der Prozesskonfiguration besteht darin, typische Bauprozesse wie Planungsprozesse, Ausführungsprozesse, Steuerungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse zu unterstützen. Infolgedessen bilden die Prozesse und der Einsatz von Prozessmodellen für verschiedene Aufgabenbereiche im Bauwesen die Grundlage für die computerunterstützte Bearbeitung von Bauvorhaben. Die Bauprozessmodelle werden meistens in einer semi-formalen Sprache dargestellt. Das erlaubt die weitere Formalisierung zum Zweck der intelligenten Konfiguration der Prozesse. Das bedeutet, dass die Prozesse auf Basis des formal beschriebenen Prozesswissens konfiguriert, zusammengestellt und instanziiert werden können. Solche Prozesse sind besonders aktuell im Bereich des Risikomanagements, das in den letzten Jahren im Bauwesen an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Die Prozesse sollen bei der Suche nach einem alternativen Ablauf im Fall einer Prozessstörung ad-hoc konfiguriert und zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dies kann semi-automatisch mit Einsatz wissensbasierter Methoden realisiert werden. Die Prozesse im Bauwesen bergen diverse spezielle Eigenschaften in sich, die die Problematik der typischen Konfigurationsvorgehensweise sichtbar werden lassen. Wesentliche Merkmale der Bauprozesse sind der durchgängige Informationsfluss und der hohe Kommunikationsbedarf zwischen allen Beteiligten im Bauprojekt. Das impliziert Anforderungen an eine effektive Interoperabilität innerhalb des Bauprojekts. In einem signifikant großen Projekt wie beispielsweise dem Flughafenbau, bei dem sich die Baustelle auf tausenden Hektar Fläche erstreckt und mehrere Dutzende Baufirmen involviert sind, die über unterschiedliche Software und Baudatenmodelle und Standards verfügen, ist die Koordination sowie ein effektiver Informationsaustausch und als Folge die Prozesskonfiguration gravierend erschwert. Dementsprechend spielt die Anwendung einer übergeordneten Struktur, die die Heterogenität der verteilten Umgebung einkapselt, eine bedeutende Rolle. Des Weiteren bringt ein ontologiebasierter Ansatz wesentliche Vorteile bei der Betrachtung der existierenden Problematik. Ontologie ist eine explizite, formale Spezifikation einer gemeinsamen Konzeptualisierung (Gruber 1993). Darunter kann eine konzeptuelle Formalisierung von Wissensbereichen und Begriffssystemen verstanden werden. Mittels Ontologie kann Wissen verteilt werden, was eine verbesserte Interoperabilität in komplexen Systemen mit vielen heterogenen Ressourcen, wie beispielsweise Bauwesensystemen, gewährleistet. Anwendungsbereiche der Ontologie sind Kommunikation und Repräsentation sowie Wiederverwendung von Wissen. Die Ontologie wird in der Regel in Form einer Taxonomie dargestellt. Solche Konstrukte ermöglichen es, Struktur in ein heterogenes Umfeld zu bringen. So kann eine allgemeine bereichsübergreifende Ontologie, eine Top-Level Ontology, eine übergeordnete Baustruktur gut abbilden. Potenziell ermöglicht eine Ontologie die Analyse des Domänenwissens auf semantischer Basis, wie Schlussfolgerung, Konsistenzprüfung und gezielte Suche. Die Flexibilität bei der Konfiguration wird durch die regelbasierte Anwendung unterstützt. Darüber hinaus können intelligente Lösungen durch Anwendung verschiedener Baustrategien, die den Prozessablauf optimieren, erzielt werden. Die Prozesse, Ontologien und Regeln können verschiedene Arten von Wissen abbilden und als Kombination eine effiziente, wissensbasierte Prozesskonfiguration ermöglichen. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf dem Schließen der Prozesskonfigurationslücke, in dem eine Kombination aus Prozessen, Prozesskonfiguration, Ontologien und Regeln präsentiert wird. Dabei zählt zu den wichtigsten Beiträgen der Arbeit, Interoperabilität innerhalb des Bauprojekts voran zu bringen, eine unternehmensübergreifende, übergeordnete ontologische Struktur für die effektive Zusammenarbeit in den verteilten Bauumgebungen zu erarbeiten und eine intelligente Prozesskonfiguration und -rekonfiguration zu gewährleisten

    Transit in Regional Economic Development: The Case of the Kaliningrad Exclave

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    The study analyses the role of the transit function in the development of a regional transport system drawing on the example of the Kaliningrad exclave region (Russia). The article studies the role and extent of the impact of changes in the volume and structure of transit operations on the value-added creation in the regional economy. The assessment of the transit function was conducted using analytical software for strategizing and situational forecasting of the socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region, the analogue of which is the CGE-model. The article describes the results of the regional value-added modelling based on the integrated index of gross regional product (GRP) and the changing volume and structure of transit cargo. The article explores the transit specialisation options for the Kaliningrad region based on different scenarios of its social and economic development and the changes in external factors. The results can be applied to similar studies on assessing the transit potential of a particular territory and developing measures to support the transportation system development in other regions

    Human extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids show region-specific differentiation potential and model cystic fibrosis-related bile duct disease

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    The development, homeostasis, and repair of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts are thought to involve distinct mechanisms including proliferation and maturation of cholangiocyte and progenitor cells. This study aimed to characterize human extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECO) using canonical Wnt-stimulated culture medium previously developed for intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICO). Paired ECO and ICO were derived from common bile duct and liver tissue, respectively. Characterization showed both organoid types were highly similar, though some differences in size and gene expression were observed. Both ECO and ICO have cholangiocyte fate differentiation capacity. However, unlike ICO, ECO lack the potential for differentiation towards a hepatocyte-like fate. Importantly, ECO derived from a cystic fibrosis patient showed no CFTR channel activity but normal chloride channel and MDR1 transporter activity. In conclusion, this study shows that ECO and ICO have distinct lineage fate and that ECO provide a competent model to study extrahepatic bile duct diseases like cystic fibrosis

    Human extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids show region-specific differentiation potential and model cystic fibrosis-related bile duct disease

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    The development, homeostasis, and repair of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts are thought to involve distinct mechanisms including proliferation and maturation of cholangiocyte and progenitor cells. This study aimed to characterize human extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECO) using canonical Wnt-stimulated culture medium previously developed for intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICO). Paired ECO and ICO were derived from common bile duct and liver tissue, respectively. Characterization showed both organoid types were highly similar, though some differences in size and gene expression were observed. Both ECO and ICO have cholangiocyte fate differentiation capacity. However, unlike ICO, ECO lack the potential for differentiation towards a hepatocyte-like fate. Importantly, ECO derived from a cystic fibrosis patient showed n

    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

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    Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

    Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the eμe\mu channel in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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    Measurement of the W boson polarisation in ttˉt\bar{t} events from pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV in the lepton + jets channel with ATLAS

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    Measurement of jet fragmentation in Pb+Pb and pppp collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{{s_\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

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    Search for new phenomena in events containing a same-flavour opposite-sign dilepton pair, jets, and large missing transverse momentum in s=\sqrt{s}= 13 pppp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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